COPERNICUS CP-94 1490 Development of integrated packages for simulation and visualization of complex flows For the period from 01.03.1995 to 28.02.1998

Objectives:
Development of numerical methods and software for parallel computation of flows in complex geometries. The developed codes will be applied to several practically relevant problems -- modelling of ventilation, chemical vapor deposition, and flows in turbomachines.

Short Description:

• Development of highly efficient unstructured grids algorithms using local refinement and adaptation of the grid, parallel computations, flexible grid generation in complex geometries.
• Implementation of 3D block-structured finite volume code for modelling of ventilation and optimization of the system design.
• Simulation of the flow and heat transfer in the reactors used for chemical vapor deposition.
• Application of unstructured grid codes for simulation of flows in turbomachines.

• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet, Erlangen-Nuernberg, LSTM, Prof. F. Durst

• Belgium, Numeca Ltd., Brussels, Prof. Ch. Hirsch;
• Russia, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. A. Zhmakin;
• Russia, Advanced Technology Center Ltd., Prof. Fursenko.

DAAD-1 project Stability pact for south-eastern Europe, 1998-2003 Development and Application of Numerical Methods for Calculation and Optimization of Pollutant Reduced Industrial Furnaces and Efficient Heat Exchangers

Short Description:

• development and application of numerical methods for calculation and optimization of flow, combustion and heat transfer processes in industrial furnaces
• intensive short courses in the field of combustion and heat transfer
• measurements of NOx formation at laboratory flames
• development and testing of NOx-NOx formation mechanism suited for industrial calculation application and comparison with measurements
• application of numerical calculation procedures for industrial furnaces for pollutant calculation
• numerical optimization of industrial furnaces and boilers

Coordinator:

• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet, Erlangen, Prof. Dr. A. Leipertz, Dr. F.Dinkelaker

• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet, Erlangen, Prof. Dr. A. Leipertz, Dr. F.Dinkelaker
• Serbia, Technical University of Nis, Prof. D.Sc. G. Ilic
• Bulgaria, Technical University of Sofia, Prof. D.Sc. P.Stankov

TEMPUS S_JEP09862 - 95 Computational Fluid Dynamics Center for Engineering Predictions and Design For the period from 01.09.1995 to 31.08.1998

Objectives:

• Establishment of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Center for Engineering Predictions and Design at the Technical University of Sofia with the aim of organizing 9 specialized courses for undergraduate and postgraduate studies, in the field of Energy - Production and Energy - Consuming Processes and Devices, as well Environmental Protection.

• Creation of new courses and related teaching materials in the following areas:
• Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of turbulent jet flows;
• Computer simulation of pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere, seas, rivers and lakes;
• Computer simulation of buoyant flows in air-conditioned rooms;
• Computer simulation of flows around buildings;
• Computer predictions and design of pipeline systems;
• Prediction and design of flow measurement devices.
• Implementation and adaptation of software tools and video programs available at EC partners.
• Organization of computing laboratory; library of teaching materials and books in CFD.

• Bulgaria, Technical University of Sofia, Prof. Dr. P.Stankov

• United Kingdom, Napier University of Edinburgh, Mr. T. Truslove

• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet, Erlangen, Prof. Dr. F. Durst
• Denmark, Technical University of Denmark, Dr. F. Andersen
• Netherlands, University of Technology, Eindhoven, Dr. A. Lamers
• Portugal, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Prof.Dr. J. Pereira
• Bulgaria, South-West University of Blagoevgrad, Assis.Prof. P. Gramatikov

VOLKSWAGEN - STIFTUNG I/71294 Computational simulation of chemical reactions in combustion For the period from 01.05.1996 to 30.04.1999

Objectives:

• The objectives of the project are the examination of contemporary models for chemical reactions and development of the computational procedure for predicting combustion processes in industrial furnaces. The computational procedure is developed on the basis of the average Reynolds equations with the standard ke-ep turbulence model and the eddy-break-up model for chemical reactions.

• Investigation of different combustion models recently developed and successfully applied for prediction. Comparison of the models on the basis requirements preliminary developed by the partners, concerning the combustion process to be predicted.
• Evaluation of the most appropriate models compared to the experimental results of the Lehrstuhl fuer Technische Thermodynamik (LTT) Erlangen as well as other relevant published results in research papers.
• Development of advanced mathematical models and numerical procedures on the basis of existing 3D numerical procedures, developed by the Bulgarian research team. Numerical experiments.
• Analysis of the obtained numerical results compared to the existing experimental data. Improvement of the computational code and numerical optimization.
• Predictions of the combustion processes in a boiler of the type used in Bulgarian industry.

• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander -Universaet, Erlangen-Nuernberg, LTT, Prof. Dr. A. Leipertz

COPERNICUS ERB IC15 CT98 0511 Integrated Design Optimization of building energy performance and indoor environment For the period from 1.11.1998 to 31.10.2001

Objectives:

• The objective of the proposed research is development and verification of an Integrated Simulation System (ISS) for optimisation of buildings' energy performance and indoor environment. The Integrated Simulation System will be based on modification of the ESP-r system and software developed during this research. The integration of the research areas for BSim (Building Simulation), CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and Indoor Climate will be achieved through implementation of physical models and numerical techniques which are able to account for this complex and innovative integration.

The research on the project will include the following activities:

• further developments of new and improvement of existing CFD modules. Verification of the developments by laboratory experiments;
• development and implementation of modules for detailed assessment of the indoor climate. Verification by experiments in existing buildings as well as questionnaires for human response;
• verification of the existing BSim modules by field experiments and by comparison with other commercial and research software;
• comparison of the design solution, obtained by ISS, with results from traditional design methods. The comparison applies to a new ventilation system, designed and built by one of the contractors;
• Validation of the combined modelling approach of the Integrated Simulation System by experimental data comprising all necessary information. The validation will be based on the same building equipped with the new ventilation system used for the comparison of the design solutions.

• The project co-ordinator will be the Technical University of Denmark (CIEE), with project manager Prof. P. Ole Fanger.
• Prof. P. Stankov from the Technical University of Sofia (DHA) is the scientific co-ordinator of the project.

• Technical University of Denmark, Center for Indoor Environment and Energy (CIEE);
• Technical University of Sofia, Department of Hydroaerodynamics and Hydraulic Machines (DHA);
• University of Strathclyde, Energy Systems Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering (ESRU);
• Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering (DEE);
• Silesian Technical University at Gliwice, Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology (DHV);
• Evgueni Iordanov & Co. (EI-Co).

DAAD-2 project Stability Pact for south-eastern Europe Advanced methods for prediction and design of effective ventilation systems For the period 2001-2004

Objectives:

• To support the cooperation in the academic exchange between Southern East Europe (SEE) Universities and the Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuernberg in the field of advanced methods for modelling and prediction of effective ventilation systems.
• To establish effective research cooperation in the field of advanced methods for modelling and design of effective ventilation systems between the partners in the project.
• To support the development of experimental and computational resources used for both research (theoretical and applied) and education in the SEE partners Universities.

Short description:

In the years or decades to come, ventilation becomes even more important especially with respect to the human health. It is among the main priorities in the Fifth Framework Program of the European Community. The indoor environment problems dealt within this proposal are closely related not only with human health but also with human productivity. Therefore intensive research is presently carried out in several reputable European universities and research teams. It is important that the results obtained trough this research efforts to be transferred to engineering practice and especially to design practice with respect to energy saving and effective ventilation systems.

Lehrstuhl fuer Stroemungsmechanik, Prof. Dr. F. Durst, Friedrich Alexander Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg

• Department of Hydroaerodynamics and Hydraulic Machines, Prof. Dr. P. Stankov, Technical University of Sofia
• Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Prof. Dr. E. Kulic, University of Sarajevo

ECHAINE ENK5-CT-2002-00623 Energy wood production CHAINs in Europe For the period from October 2002 to September 2005

Objectives: to provide data and deal with the key issues in the identification and evaluation of efficient and economical, environmentally and socially friendly supply chains for utilisation of energy wood sources for CHP-production in Europe, aiming to achieve the aim of supplying biomass equivalent to 26 Mtoe, of which a major part could be energy wood, for CHP installations to be reached by 2010 and aiming to achieve to Kyoto target in terms of greenhouse gas emission reduction (30 % of the long term). This goal will be reached by:

• A review of both national and international activities on energy wood supply systems and CHP production system (RDT projects, networks and IEA).
• An evaluation of the current production chains by using economical, socio-economical, LCA and energy and emergy analysis methods.
• The identification of differences between countries or regions concerning cost structure and environmental and social aspects in comparison to the targets set by the EU.
• A market analysis of energy wood and energy wood based CHP production.
• The identification of "flagship" projects.
• The dissemination of the results by scientific publications, open seminars, workshops, educational and training activities as well as by development of a web-site including an integrated interactive geographical information system (GIS) application for the analysis of spatial information (GIS) concerning matters detailed by the project.

CERDECEN ENK6-CT-2002-80661 Center for Research and Design in Human Comfort, Energy and Environment For the period from 01 January 2003 to 31 December 2005

Objectives: to extend and improve the capacities of the existing Center for Research and Design in Human Comfort, Energy and Environment so as to meet better the local socio-economic needs thus supporting the process of integration of Bulgaria to the European Community. This overall objective is basically related to the achievement of particular key-objectives which can be summarized as follows:

• To develop further and improve the links of the Center with the bulgarian industry in the fields of energy efficiency, indoor-air design and environmental protection
• To increase the links and improve the collaboration with leading European research centers
• To increase the scope of the Center reaching the following targets:
• To improve the transfer of knowledge with leading EC research centers and especially with the twinning center from Denmark
• To improve the capacity of the experimental facilities and the staff expertise in field studies for human comfort assessment
• To improve the capacities of the Center for collaboration within the Sixth Framework Program
• To attract young researchers

Short description:
The work planned concerns simulation of complex processes arising from flow interaction in three typical practical applications related to indoor environment: energy saving measures in buildings, safety of fume cupboards and human comfort improvement.

Coordinator:
Technical University of Sofia

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ALLHOME DK-BG A study on the relation between allergy/asthma and indoor air quality in homes in Bulgaria For the period from September, 2003 to August, 2005

Allergies are increasing in all of Europe and has become a serious health, social and economic problem to society. Indoor environment in homes plays a crucial role for the prevalence of allergies, as well as for airways infections and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). The prevalence of allergies differs between European regions. This big diversity in the prevalence of allergic diseases is partly related to factors in the indoor environment in homes. Today there is also a big diversity in the housing condition across Europe, a situation that, however, is changing rapidly. Before the differences are levelled out, there is a unique opportunity to study the impact of different indoor factors on health and optimise building recommendations accordingly.

Objectives:

• To map housing conditions in Scandinavia and Bulgaria regarding indoor environments and its associations to allergies, airways infections and SBS.
• To explore the role of environmental exposures related to ventilation, "dampness", and pets in homes and health effects such as allergies, airways infections and SBS.

The work in this study is divided into three work packages.

Work Package 1 comprises a cross-sectional questionnaire study on housing and health in Bulgaria, a country with relatively low prevalence of allergies. Typical homes in Bulgaria (leaky and low energy efficient) will be included in this study for comparison with tight and energy efficient homes in Sweden. The study will be focused on children (2-3 and 5-6 years of age), but health data on all family members will also be gathered in order to characterise homes from a health point of view.

Work Package 2 comprises a case-control study of 400 children (around 370 homes) in each region (Sweden and Bulgaria), with 200 children with asthma like symptoms as cases. The study will comprise both physical and clinical measurements and inspections in order to characterise the buildings, as well as the index children.

Work Package 3 comprises inter-region analyses of all data assembled from the questionnaire and field studies in Sweden and Bulgaria. These will increase the insight needed to draw conclusions regarding housing and health, and to elaborate guidelines for field studies on housing and health.

Project Coordinator:

International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark

Project Partners:

• CERDECEN, Technical University of Sofia
• "Asthma" Association, Medical University of Sofia

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Mathematical modelling of furnaces Project financially supported by the ministry of education science and technology For the period from 01.05.1992 to 01.05.1995.

Objectives:

• The objective of the project is numerical modelling of furnaces of industrial boilers. The purpose of the investigation is to develop a mathematical model and to design a special-purpose software for prediction of combustion in PTVM 100 furnace and PK-220 furnace, used in Sofia Power Plant.

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Modelling of gas line networks Project financially supported by the national research foundation For the period from 01.06.1996 to 31.05.1999

Objectives:

• The objective of the project is modelling of pipeline networks. The purpose of the investigation is to develop a mathematical model and to design a special-purpose software for prediction and design of gas line networks as well as to apply it in real life gas - supply problems.

Short Description:

• Physical modelling of pipelines on a test - rig constructed for this purpose.
• The significance of the proposed project is determined by the worldwide tendency to seek efficiency in energy consumption through transmitting the sources to the consumer rather than transmitting energy already transformed into heat; gas transport is a direct task of power generation industry as much as the efficiency of gas transport systems is one of their inherent characteristics; it is also determined by the multiplying economic efficiency due to the extremely wide use of pipe line systems; and last, but not least by obvious interest in scientists and researchers towards computer simulation of pipeline systems in the conditions of ever-increasing computer power.

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Modeling and numerical simulations of PTVM 100 type industrial boiler Project financially supported by the company "TOPLOFIKACIA SOFIA" EAD For the period from 14.11.1996 to 17.01.1997

Objectives:

• The objective of the project is obtaining of the numerical results for the velocity, pressure and temperature fields in PTVM 100 boiler's volume as well for the heat fluxes (convective and radiative) towards the boiler walls.

Short Description:

• Computer simulation of the processes in PTVM 100 boiler (reconstructed), equipped with two types of burners:
• 6 numbers of burners DFL 650, manufactured by HAMWORTHY;
• 4 numbers of burners DYNASWIRL LN MODEL 665, manufactured by TODD company.
• The investigation was carried out with the software package Y3D, developed by the research team on the basis of a mathematical model for prediction of the processes in boilers and furnaces (combustion, radiation and convective heat transfer) and a numerical method for calculation of the independent variables of the process.
• Obtaining of numerical results for the velocity, pressure and temperature fields and for the heat fluxes to the boiler walls in case of natural gas burning and at three loads of the boiler (100 Gcal/h, 75 Gcal/h and 35 Gcal/h)

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Modeling and numerical simulations of PTVM 100 type (reconstructed) industrial boiler equipped with H6BT Project financially supported by the company "TOPLOFIKACIA SOFIA" EAD For the period from 12.10.1998 to 15.12.1998

Objectives:

• The objective of the project is to obtain the numerical results for the velocity, pressure and temperature fields in PTVM 100 boiler's volume as well for the heat fluxes (convective and radiative) towards the boiler walls.

Short Description:

• Computer simulation of the processes in PTVM 100 boiler (reconstructed), equipped with 6 burners DFL 650, manufactured by HAMWORTHY, organized at 3 different swirl directions.
• The investigation was carried out with the software package Y3D, developed by the research team on the basis of a mathematical model for prediction of the processes in boilers and furnaces (combustion, radiation and convective heat transfer) and a numerical method for calculation of the independent variables of the process.
• Obtaining numerical results for the following parameters: velocity, pressure, temperature fields; heat released density distribution inside the combustion chamber, as well as for the heat fluxes to the boiler walls in case of natural gas burning and at two loads of the boiler (100 Gcal/h and 35 Gcal/h).

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Modeling and numerical simulations of PK-35 type industrial boiler Project financially supported by the company "TOPLOFIKACIA ROUSSE" EAD For the period from 20.11.1997 to 20.01.1998

Objectives:

• The objective of the project is obtaining of the numerical results for the velocity, pressure and temperature fields in PK-35 boiler's volume as well for the heat fluxes (convective and radiative) towards the boiler walls.

Short Description:

• Computer simulation of the processes in PK-35 boiler, equipped with two "TEHENERGO" types of burners:
• The investigation was carried out with the software package Y3D, developed by the research team on the basis of a mathematical model for prediction of the processes in boilers and furnaces (combustion, radiation and convective heat transfer) and a numerical method for calculation of the independent variables of the process.
• Obtaining of numerical results for the velocity, pressure and temperature fields and for the heat fluxes to the boiler walls in case of natural gas burning and at three loads of the steam boiler (35t/h, 27t/h 25t/h)

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Computer investigation of the parameters of indoor climate in operative hall (bl. 4B) and coordination hall (bl. 2) Project financially supported by the company "GLAVBOLGARSTROY SOFIA" EAD For the period 1999-2000

Objectives:

• Design of the room airflow pattern within the room. Choice and distribution of the air-supply floor diffusers in order to satisfy comfort requirements and obtain good indoor air quality .

Short Description:

        A parameter study was carried out in the operative hall and its surrounding offices as well as in the coordination hall in a new building for flight control at the airport in Sofia. Different arrangement of the floor diffusers was studied. Two regimes - summer and winter one were simulated for all rooms under consideration. The furniture in the rooms and the technical equipment (53 computer consoles in the operative hall) were also included in the simulation. The results were evaluated in terms of general comfort indices PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) and PMV (Predicted Mean Vote). Local thermal discomfort was also investigated in terms of DR (Draught rating) and vertical air temperature difference at head and ankle levels. The indoor air quality in the room was assessed calculating the local age of air in the room. Over 250 figures of velocity vectors, temperature, comfort indices and local age of air allowed the evaluation of the results in many horizontal and vertical cross-sections of the rooms investigated.

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Modeling and numerical simulations of PK-35 steam boiler with inclined burners Project financially supported by Toplofikacia - Rouse EAD, 2393-2/99, 1999

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Analysis of the air flow through the elements of the special ventilation system at NPP "Kozloduy" unit V and VI Aeroterm Ltd., 2569-2/01, 2001

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Analysis of the flow through the elements of the flue gas ducting at TPP "Gorna Oriahovica", NEC - Gorna Oriahovica, B-2002-7, 2002

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International partners

• Belgium, Numeca Ltd., Brussels, Prof. Ch. Hirsch
• Czech Republic, Czech Technical University in Prague, Department of Enviromental Engineering
• Denmark, Technical University of Denmark, Dr. F.Andersen
• Denmark, Technical University of Denmark, Prof.P.Ole Fanger
• Finland, University of Oulu, The Thule Institute, www.oulu.fi
• Germany, The Fraunhofer Instutute for Factory Operation and Automation, www.fraunhofer.de
• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuernberg,LSTM, Prof. F. Durst
• Germany, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuernberg,LTT, Prof. Dr. A. Leipertz
• Greece, Center for Research and Technology, Hellas, www.ntua.gr/en_index.htm
• Greece, Center for Renewable Energy in Greece, www.cres.gr
• Niederlands, University of Technology, Eindhoven, Dr.A.Lamers
• Poland, Silesian Technical University at Gliwice, Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology
• Portugal, The Agricultural College of Beja, www.esab.ipbeja.pt
• Portugal, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Prof. Dr. J. Pereira
• Portugal, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Prof. Dr. Maria da Carvalho
• Romania, Oskar von Miller Institute for Thermal Power Equipment.
• Serbia, Institute of Thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nish
• Spain, Sema Group sae, SchlumbergerSema plc.
• Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, www.bioenergi.slu.se
• Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology, www.cepe.ethz.ch
• United Kingdom, University of Strathclyde, ESRU
• United Kingdom, Napier University of Edinburgh, Mr. T.Truslove

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Industrial partners

• ATARO KLIMA
• District Heating Company of Rouse
• District Heating Company of Sofia
• GlavBolgarStroy - Sofia
• National Electric Company, Bulgaria
• EKOWAT
• Energy Committee
• EQE-Bulgaria
• ERATO Holding
• Nuclear Power Plant - Kozlodui